冲击与振动以及冲击记录仪

Impact/Shock
冲击（Impact倾向于冲击/冲撞，Shock倾向于振动）
Impact/Shock is a somewhat loosely defined aspect of vibration wherein the excitation is nonperiodic, e.g., in the form of a pulse, a step, or transient vibration.The word shock implies a degree of suddenness and severity. These terms are relative rather than absolute measures of the characteristic; they are related to a popular notion of the characteristics of shock and are not necessary in a fundamental analysis of the applicable principles. From the analytical viewpoint, the important characteristic of shock is that the motion of the system upon which the impact/shock acts includes both the frequency of the shock excitation and the natural frequency of the system. If the excitation is brief, the continuing motion of the system is free vibration at its own natural frequency.
冲击是定义不太严格的一种振动，其中激扰是非周期性的。例如，脉冲的、阶跃的或瞬态振动的形式。冲击一词意味着突然和激烈的程度。这些术语是该特征相对应而不是绝对的量度标准；它们与冲击特性的常用概念有关，而不为可适用原则的基本分析所必需。从分析的观点看，冲击的重要特性是受到冲击作用而引起的运动不仅包括冲击激励的频率，还包括系统的固有频率。如果冲击是短暂的，则系统的持续运动就是按自身固有的频率进行的自由振动。

Impact

冲击/碰撞/冲撞
An impact is a single collision of one mass in motion with a second mass which may be either in motion or at rest.

碰撞是一个运动着的质量与另外一个运动或静止的质量之间的撞击。

Mechanical shock
机械冲击
Mechanical shock is a nonperiodic excitation (e.g., a motion of the foundation or an applied force) of a mechanical system that is characterized by suddenness and severity and usually causes significant relative displacements in the system.

机械冲击是一种具有突然性、剧烈性并能使机械系统产生显著相对位移的非周期激励（例如基础的运动或作用力）

Vibration
振动（标准的振动）
Vibration is an oscillation wherein the quantity is a parameter that defines the motion of a mechanical system.

振动是一种确定机械系统运动的某个物理参量的振荡。

Impact Logger/Impact Recorder

冲击记录仪

冲击记录仪又叫冲击事件记录仪，倾向于对振动数据的预处理（通过触发阀值、采样频率）来实现定义一个“冲击事件”，相当于增加了一个过滤器。

振动记录仪是按照特定采样频率连续采集数据，当然会有一些数据对实际使用是无效的，需要过滤，从而衍生出了冲击记录仪。

冲击记录仪的精度取决于传感器的精度、记录仪的采样频率和存储频率、冲击记录仪的采样阀值等。传感器精度越高，记录仪记录的数据越准确，通过设定的采样频率和阀值得到的冲击数据则越正确。

最准确验证冲击记录仪的精度/准确度，只需在离心机上连续考察固定频率下的特定加速度值即可。